Pyqt set color

Pyqt set color. For the Color use QPallete, then use {your palette}. Sep 12, 2018 · I would like to change the colors of the buttons if the user chooses a particular theme. May 29, 2020 · how can i set multiple colors inside a Qlabel text? for example: PyQt give color to a specific element. 这些方法使得我们可以根据需要为列表中的 Dec 18, 2013 · This doesn't work for me on PyQt 5. setColor(QtGui. 2k 3 43 63. QFont(). model. As you can see, there are three positional layouts available in Qt. You can also use state-based styling on the QListWidget items for example, to style them differently depending on whether they are selected or not. Colors can also be set using setRgb(), setHsv() and setCmyk(). 11. You can however use a transparent PNG and change the color of the button and have. ForegroundRole) Thanks very much to all those that have guided me in finding the answer. app = QtGui. QPalette. QProgressBar::chunk { border : 1px solid black; background: QLinearGradient( x1: Feb 14, 2017 · QMenu {. Style every single tab of a QTabWidget May 22, 2017 · 5. The total number of tabs is given by count(). I want it to be white, but I can't make it have any color different from gray. Base. Next, select the Palette property and in the pop up window, change the Text color to white. I have a QtableWidget with data in it. Apr 2, 2020 · In this article we will see how we can set gradient color to the progress bar. Edit 2: If I add the line. triggered. Setting. QtCore as qtc. For example, you can change the line width in pixels and the style (dashed, dotted, etc. 我们可以使用QListWidgetItem的setBackground ()和setTextColor ()方法来设置项的背景色和字体色，或者重写QListWidgetItem的paint ()方法进行更自定义的绘制。. getColor(). All you need to do is apply a format ( QTextCharFormat) to this cursor and the selected text will be formatted accordingly: def addLineTable(self): row = self. Clicking on the button pops up a dialog (native) to select a color. Change QLabel color using python code not html? 1. setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0) self. 4. I want to change some background color of the tableWidget's cells. Alternatively, you can in code change the Icon and set the changed icon back to button. A paragraph is a formatted string which is word-wrapped to fit into the width of the widget. class Window(QMainWindow): 42. color_picker) self. setStyleSheet(stylesheet) This does not work, as a single header item does not support setting a stylesheet. Stacked (z) in front of one another. index(0, 0), QBrush(Qt. pyqt5. Mar 24, 2016 · This works, however it colors all headers simultaneously without me being able to change the color of an individual header. Their was a few things claiming to do this but I could not get it to work really hoping for somthing I can copy and past then work out how it works by playing around with it. a dash of length 5 in width 10 is 50 pixels long. data(self, self. Jul 12, 2018 · Set the QPalette. Jan 17, 2014 · red = "QWidget { background-color:#8B0000;}" my_cool_QLineEdit. I want to have different colors for this three "types" of numbers (1,-1,0), coloring their rows with different colors. 0 color names. Programatically, I'm organizing some information in horizontal layouts and displaying them in a frame. This because the underlying Qt code does this: return qvariant_cast<QBrush>(data(column Apr 22, 2020 · When button get releases it comes back to its original color, by default when button get clicked it becomes light blue color although we can change this color. InQueueModel. But I suspect that your continuing difficulties on this subject stem from a failure to understand what the various color roles do - in particular, Background and Foreground (which are both obsolete) aren't used in the way that you think they are (you Feb 6, 2021 · 1. setTextColor(redColor) redText = "I want this text red". {. Apr 22, 2020 · By default, when we create a button it is of grey color although PyQt5 allows us to change this color. Apr 22, 2021 · 3. setBold(), because there is nothing to be set to bold. label. setBackground(QtGui. To get a lighter or darker color use the lighter() and darker() functions respectively. I have searched a lot and found the method setCustomColor() but I just can't get it to work. Dec 21, 2015 · 31. Feb 10, 2020 · pyqt5 mvc QTableView modelview excel numpy pandas qt pyqt data-science python qt5 pyqt5-data-science. The position of the tab bar is controlled using the ::tab-bar subcontrol. Whenever you need to specify different color groups, you have to use the appropriate brush()/color() and setBrush()/setColor() functions that accept the group, otherwise use setCurrentColorGroup() before that if you need multiple calls on the same group. QAction doesn't have any stylesheets, so I am trying to use QToolBar stylesheet to change QAction background color. maximum(): palette = QtGui. How can I change the color to while. InGateModel. color: red; } But because the API is on the QTableWidget level (rather than QTableWidgetItem level), I find it impossible to target individual cells. index(row, column) Feb 3, 2019 · I've figured out how to change the background color of PyQt5 widgets using setStyleSheet() but I cannot find how to change their highlight color. Here we're using code, so you can understand the underlying system. Highlight, Mar 26, 2020 · In order to change the color of the main window we use setStylesheet() method. if role == Qt. Set the text color for a particular tab with setTabTextColor(). Aug 20, 2020 · The color of each point defaults to red when the map window is opened, but I would like to have each point change to a different color based on its metadata stored in the . The "checked" symbol does not follow the QSS style colors as it's completely painted by the current style. I would also like to change the color of the borders and the color of the title bar. import PyQt5. pyqt. blue()) print(rgb) # set `selected_color`as an instance variable so you can retrieve it later. Apr 25, 2014 · ColorButtonA color-selector tool for PyQt. setStyleSheet("QLabel#nom_plan_label {color: yellow}") Any hint would be appreciated. Apart from some inconsistencies with your code example setting the background color and text color of a QPushButton works just fine with: setStyleSheet('QPushButton {background-color: #A3C1DA; color: red;}') Example (using PySide): from PySide import QtGui. I have searched for how to change QLabel text however I could not find anything which was not in html. I am 100% sure this option should be available as in tkinter. The question wasn't necessary how to change the border color of an object in focus, but how to change the border color of it's parent. selected_color = selected_color. white), QtCore. Jun 8, 2011 · Another solution would be to reassign a palette to the QProgressBar which will allow you to have a "style aware" component: def setValue(self, value): QtGui. I think you can change the text color by calling the method: void QGraphicsTextItem::setDefaultTextColor ( const QColor & col ); You have an example here. QFont. How to achieve control of the appearance of the QMainWindow borders and titlebar? I would like to know how to change their colors and how to control the borders width and the title-bar's This might be an easy question, but I'm trying to give a color to a specific QLabel in my application and it doesn't work. Jan 15, 2024 · We could also define this color with the "r" code or with a QColor object. Apr 14, 2019 · And for completeness, to set the font color, this works for me: self. name() To be slightly more sure about it, use the current background role: color_frame. So the resulted colors are all unordered. It is optimized to handle large documents and to respond quickly to user input. setData(0, QtCore. Found out how to fix it. setColor(palette. setData(index, Jan 23, 2013 · I want to change the background and digit color of QLCDNumber in Qt Designer and I am going to use that design(GUI) on my Python program. color(color_frame. Thank you. fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt. wordlist = ['correct1', 'correct2', 'incorrect1', 'correct3', 'incorrect2'] python Feb 12, 2015 · The QMainWindow below is assigned a dark-gray background-color using QSS. python. Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Mar 14, 2017 · Nope a style sheet cannot change the binary icon. self. BackgroundRole: if QSqlQueryModel. By default combo box is of grey color although we can change its color. QPushButton::clicked. If you want the RGB values formatted into a single hexadecimal Dec 28, 2015 · The app has a number of buttons, which change background and text colour depending on what the status of the button is. Below is the difference in default button and colored button. The visual appearance of the label can be configured in various ways, and it can be used for specifying a focus mnemonic key for another widget. QTextEdit works on paragraphs and characters. The currently set dash pattern can be retrieved using the dashPattern() function. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. QPushButton button1, button2 In this tutorial for PyQT, we're going to cover the color picker widget. subplots(1,2) ax1. QProgressBar. write(redText) # To change it back to black, we manually use `setTextColor` again. setPalette(palette) 11. Syntax : setStyleSheet (“background-color: grey;”) Argument : It takes string as an argument. The picture on top is what I'm getting, and the one on the bottom is what I'm after. Below is the full code: UI Code: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-. QApplication([]) Dec 12, 2014 · I'm curious to know why you spent all that time on this answer, when you'd already been given a one-line solution to your original question. tabSentimento) self. palette() palette. QColor(QtCore. Below is a short snippet to implement a color-picker attached to a button in Qt. Create a line edit widget. toolBar. Related. How can I set selectively set the foreground color of a text in PyQt4. The text is either white or black. QColor(3, 18, 14)) palette. How to change the background color in PyQt4. Syntax : button. Thanks! Sep 30, 2022 · 1. You can provide a default color which will be the initial state of the button when it is Qt relies on its QColor, QPen and QBrush classes for specifying line and fill styles for all of its drawing. Apr 16, 2018 · I want to set all those words to a qtextbrowser and I want to make misspelled words red color. setStyleSheet (“background-color : yellow”) Argument : It takes string as argument. QTextEdit is an advanced WYSIWYG viewer/editor supporting rich text formatting using HTML-style tags, or Markdown format. from PyQt5 import QtCore. tableView = QTableView(self. Below is the representation of normal combo box and colorful combo box. Vinsingian. We must obtain the data in the archive column (in my example it is the third one) and verify that it satisfies the condition (in this case true), if so we return the QBrush object with the desired color. Add line edit widget to the combo box. First, right-click the form and select Change StyleSheet … menu: Second, enter the Qt Style Sheets into the Style Sheet Editor and click the Apply button. I have some QActions in my QToolBar. May 21, 2019 · QStackedLayout. How to add background color to a specific dropdown from combobox in pyqt4. frame. Then the Proxy model filters out every third index. In order to do this we have to change the CSS style sheet, below is the code for style sheet. item1 = QtGui. 2. QColor(15, 15, 15)) 3. It repeatedly tells me. Feb 21, 2012 · How could I customize the Title Bar (including: close, maximize, minimize buttons, title) and the Frame of desktop application written in PyQt so that it looks like the below image?. Feb 6, 2022 · Solved! Two ways to changed QTableView Row background color when user mouse clicking. In order to do this we have to change the style sheet code of the combo box, below is the style sheet code. h file (or do it yourself). Jun 18, 2014 · blackColor = QColor(0, 0, 0) # First, set the text color to red. 0. A color can be set by passing an RGB string (such as “#112233”), or an ARGB string (such as “#ff112233”) or a color name (such as “blue”), to the setNamedColor() function. Note that if you see the background in Designer but not in your Jan 21, 2011 · This snippet yields two figures, the first one with modified colors for the axis, ticks and ticklabels, and the second one with the default rc parameters. setValue(self, value) if value == self. It is the source model's data() that sets each of `QTableView's indexes background colors to a green if the index's row number is even and to a blue if it is odd. setStyleSheet("QPushButton { background-color: blue }" "QPushButton:pressed { background-color: red }" ) answered Jan 27, 2014 at 21:53. Out with background-color stylesheet. QTableWidgetItem('row1') Feb 13, 2023 · I want to render a SVG icon in a QPixmap by choosing the drawing color. In order to do this we will use setStyleSheet method. So I have a simple QLineEdit textbox that allows a user to login. I need to change the background color of the Label. This is my code using PyQt: renderer = QSvgRenderer(svg_filename) pixmap = QPixmap(width, height) pixmap. The current code which works at launch but not later is as follows: palette = QtGui. Example #1: from PyQt5. color(QPalette. Base, QtGui. May 6, 2021 · 3. In order to change pressed button color we have to change the style sheet of pressed button, below is the style sheet code which is used with push button object. QPlainTextEdit with multiple colours on a line. QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication, QPushButton. Python PyQt Change layout of combobox. Background) # alternatively with QtGui. Qt. setTextColor(blackColor) blackText = "And this text black". rowCount() #create a line into my tableview. backgroundRole(), QtCore. DisplayRole): Jun 18, 2019 · In QC Designer, click on the QLineEdit box and in the properties, enable "autoFillBackground". You can't call directly QtGui. Set the colour of the application in PyQt4. Putting "border: none;" after setting the background color sets the whole tool bar's color instead of just the buttons. transparent) painter = QPainter(pixmap) painter. 1. setStyleSheet("QLabel{ color: white}") But looks like its not working as its still the same black color. QLabel() nom_plan_label. Pyqt coloring part of text in QlistWidget. I have this code so far. Subclass QStyledItemDelegate. QtGui import *. btn_text = QString("this font color") btn = QPushButton(btn_text) btn. qt. I tried self. I would like to alternate background colors for each loop. I have to set border: none to change color, You can choose any style to set background color. QAction('Font bg Color', self) fontColor. No user interaction functionality is provided. pen = QPen() space = 4; dashes = [1, space, 3, space, 9, space, 27, space, 9, space] pen. table. setText(str(rgb)) instead of print. Note that self. It works for every QActions in QToolBar. You have to first create the QFont object, then set it to bold, then set it as the label's font. Change background color of the line edit widget. Create a combo box. Table. name() Note that: in some cases, the style could use the color set by the palette (including those set in the Jul 31, 2010 · 11. a similar effect. from PyQt5. Jun 11, 2016 · The correct method is to clear the underlying data, like this: treeWidgetItem. In this tutorial we'll learn how to use QTableView in PyQt, including how to model our data, format values for display, and add conditional formatting. It worked with all the other styles. Text, {your QColor}), and the font use QFont. if I use the setStyleSheet method in order to change the style for a specific widget, the other ones placed inside it, changes their style, but I don't want it! I can bring you two example: when I change the border/background color for a frame (see the widgets placed inside it): import PyQt5. addAction(fontColor) Now we still need a color picker method: def color_picker(self): With that solution, we are setting the background on an already existing item in the table to a light grey on the item at row 0, column 1: self. How can i do it? self. Jul 5, 2011 · I did the following to change the background color of the whole app: self. myTextEdit. Whether this works on not also depends on the style and system you are using. Window). setGeometry(QRect(550,10,510,700)) For example, we change the border to grey and the chunk to cerulean. In the previous tutorial we covered an introduction to the Model View architecture. plot(range(10)) . If you want to keep the look of the current style, you could try to set the palette colors. Many functions and methods in pyqtgraph accept arguments specifying the line style (pen), fill style (brush), or color. If this is an even row, we then set the background to a light red/pink. QWidget(tabwidget) widget. from PyQt4 import QtCore. setBold(True)) wouldn't work either, because Jun 17, 2018 · Thanks for the input mike but this is a bit hard to follow. connect(self. Jul 3, 2015 · main() When I do this, the color of the ToolTip changes to red, but the text next to the checkbox remains black. QToolButton{ background: red; } But I need to change some QAction background to red and some to green. Tabs are added using addTab(), or inserted at particular positions using insertTab(). So the next logical step would be: self. setStyleSheet("background-color: %s" % color) pass. Alternatively, use a custom image/icon as explained in Customizing QCheckBox. May 31, 2019 · I need to make a color selection for a rectangle using QColorDialog. My Solution: from PyQt4 import QtGui. In any case, Qt Designer allows to set header backgrounds: just double click the table widget, select the section in the "Columns" tab, click the "Properties <<" button, then scroll to the "background" section and set the custom color for that specific section. setDashPattern(dashes) Note that the dash pattern is specified in units of the pens width, e. I changed the background color to gray and the label color to yellow, but the color of the boxes was also changed to gray and the text inside of them changed color to yellow. setFont(QtGui. If I press Alt+D then the "DashBoard" background- color change into the Light green. May 15, 2011 · The frame of the tab widget is styled using the ::pane subcontrol. Apr 13, 2014 · Hi, you can change the color palette of the QLabel and set the WindowText (that will change the text color). setStyleSheet(red) That makes an entire background of this QLineEdit red. answered Oct 1, 2022 at 0:52. backgroundRole()). QComboBox. You can also design and lay out your interface graphically using the Qt designer. The left and right corners are styled using the ::left-corner and ::right-corner respectively. end() May 7, 2019 · selected_color. I need a function to change the row Jun 27, 2014 · What I want to know is how to set the colours of the custom color swatches before I bring up the dialog. Sep 8, 2015 · 3. Window, QtGui. The code I tried is the following : nom_plan_label = QtGui. index(item. The frame shapes are NoFrame, Box, Panel, StyledPanel, HLine and VLine; the shadow styles are Plain, Raised and Sunken. app. Code: Sep 11, 2020 · So I added below line of code: msgBox. class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super(). How to change color of item in QListView. While the message is definitely sent that doesn't look too tasteful. The background color is dark grey so I wanted to make the user's text to be in white but I Aug 16, 2018 · I'm trying to change the color of the combobox background. QtWidgets import *. Jun 30, 2020 · The most common suggestions to get the background colour is to use: widget. 3. The color is shown by the color of the button face. Or looking for Diagram Scene Example in your Qt Assistant. ColorButton. ), using Qt's line Mar 7, 2015 · PyQt - Change the color of a QLineEdit if it has no text. A QLabel can contain any of the following content types: Content. QColor(125,125,125)) It's working, but set background for the row with iterating needs more time if you have more then one table. QPalette(self. May 4, 2021 · Change background color of ComboBox in PyQt. fill(Qt. palette()) palette. index = self. TypeError: argument 2 of QColorDialog. First, we'll add another item to the toolbar: fontColor = QtGui. I need a way to specify the colors I want to use for title bar elements (buttons, text title and background-color of bar and buttons). setPen(QPen(color)) renderer. palette(). Apr 7, 2023 · Apr 7, 2023 at 1:12. May 15, 2011 · The style changes mainly the color of the different widgets, alter the alignment, and includes some spacing. line. setStyleSheet("QMainWindow {background-color: #252526; color: #FFFFFF}") If I set another stylesheet for the QPushButton for example in the same manner, the style for the QMainWindow will be overridden. None of which gets the exact colour. "QFrame {background-color: rgb(255,0,0);}" – Stephen Terry Sep 8, 2011 at 18:04 May 21, 2015 · There are a few ways to do this (full script is further down): Option 1: Set the background on the item, then add the item to the table. QProgressBar { border: 2px solid grey; border-radius: 5px; } QProgressBar::chunk { background-color: #05B8CC; width: 20px; } This leaves the text-align , which we customize by positioning the text in the center of the progress bar. Below is how normal color progress bar looks like vs the gradient color progress bar looks like. I think either you missed the point of the question, or I'm misunderstanding the response. insertRows(row) column = 0. QLabel is used for displaying text or an image. setCustomColor() has an invalid type Sep 13, 2017 · I am trying to change the background color of the window to black. GlobalColor. The tooltip text colour always seems to follow the colour of the button text. Raydel Miranda. ui'. 14. background-color: rgb(49,49,49); color: rgb(255,255,255); border: 1px solid ; QMenu::item::selected {. setBold is a method of QFont: it needs an instance of QFont. both are stylesheet giving unwanted output. This is the code. setPalette(palette) # add layout and child widgets Colors and brushes can be set for particular roles in any of a palette’s color groups with setColor() and setBrush(). PyQt give color to a Jun 29, 2020 · In this PyQt5 tutorial, we will learn how to change QListWidget item font color using few lines of code in Python. Apr 8, 2019 · Changing the color of text in all cells is as simple as using this stylesheet. BackgroundRole, None) It's worth noting that when a background has not been set, the background() method will actually return a null QBrush rather than None. setStyleSheet("border:1px solid %s" % color) def setColor(self, color): self. red) widget. By tweaking the QPen object, we can change the appearance of the line. The name() function returns the name of the color in the format “#RRGGBB”. Here's my code: Each tab can display text in a distinct color. The color names are taken from the SVG 1. in the UI editor click on "Change Palette" and play around with that, if you need to do that in c++ you can change the color in the UI file and copy the generated c++ code from the *_ui. __init__() Dec 18, 2012 · i have this QTableView with custom model and delegate, how do i change the background color of the cell after editing it? shall i do this in delegate's setModelData() ? index. QPalette() palette. Output with border style sheet. If you want to display them in the Gui, just replace the QFrame with a QLabel, and use self. setData(self. render(painter) painter. How can I do that ? I tried using a QGraphicView and setting the backgroundBrush l Setting Qt Style sheets in Qt Designer. The QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout and QGridLayout. QtGui as qtg. background-color: rgb(30,30,30); In most cases, you simply need to apply the general stylesheet to the QApplication object and apply some specific stylesheet to Qt object that will override the stylesheet applied to QApplication. 通过使用 PyQt5 ，我们可以轻松地为QListWidget中的特定项设置不同的颜色。. Nov 6, 2021 · 31 1 7. Out without any stylesheet. Apr 2, 2020 · In this article we will see how we can set the background color to the combo box. color(QtGui. import sys. A color group contains a group of colors used by widgets for drawing themselves. Sep 8, 2011 · You can add a selector to the style sheet string to target only one class of widget e. May 23, 2019 · 1. PyQT - setting the text color for a QTabWidget. setText(nom_plan_vignette) nom_plan_label. i was able to make it work like this, that way the color button is blue and when is press changes to red. Dec 29, 2016 · 7. If you want to use custom colors, you need to use a QProxyStyle or subclass QCheckBox and override its paintEvent(). setAutoFillBackground(True) palette = widget. g. setStyle('cleanlooks') It works. And if I press Alt+F, then the "File" background color changed to light green, and at the same time, the background color of the "Dashboard" becomes rgb (255,255,150) and so on. Jan 28, 2019 · First (change only one widget): Rightclick of the Widget, click "Change Stylesheet" and the Stylesheet window open, when you cange something inside the window you the widget will changed too. Finally: self. csv file. Second (change all selected widget): Use the property window, mark all widget you want to change, click of the of the styleSheetrow. (PyQt) 0. 14. # Temporary rc parameters in effect. For instance, there is a header in the file called "color", and each point has the text string "red", "green" or "blue" encoded. The isValid() function indicates whether a QColor is legal Jan 6, 2015 · As a visual explanation, I can set both the label and the button background color, but not the entire layout, which includes the spacer. This works fine on Linux with the default Breeze and Oxygen styles: palette = self. In this example, we are setting item1 to have "row1" as the content. I want to change the colors of the QLineEdit to white and the text inside of them to black, but I don't know how to do it. Once the QSS is applied, you’ll see its effect in the design: Third, close the style sheet editor and preview the form (Ctrl-R): It’s recommended to create a full new Qt style to cover all the possible corner cases. Jan 5, 2022 · Or just use color() with the related role as argument: color_frame. QTableWidget::item {. pelos. PyQtGraph plot with a red plot line. tableView. Use QStyledItemDelegate. ui. NumButtons = 4. # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'app. How to customize QListWidget background color (and not QListWidgetItem) 11. answered Jul 31, 2010 at 9:26. Then, we pass the pen to plot() with the pen argument. Jan 19, 2017 · If you just want to colour the background of the tab body, then set the background role of its top-level content widget: widget = QtGui. Oct 20, 2016 · pyqt - How to change the color of a word from my textedit. By default, the subcontrols have positions of a QTabWidget in the QWindowsStyle. I've tried this to change only one QAction. You should set a class property (etc tableview's currentindex) which can be reset value from outside the class, by this, the delegate's default loop will compare the tableview's currentindex. __init__() Feb 20, 2013 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. edited May 19, 2015 at 13:19. The first being too dark and the later too white. A frame widget has three attributes that describe the thickness of the border: lineWidth, midLineWidth, and frameWidth. Changing a single strings May 4, 2020 · In order to add background color to the line edit part of the combo box, do the following –. tableWidget. def __init__(self): super(). When I click on the color select button and choose a color, the color of the rectangle changes import sys from PyQt5. NumGridRows = 10. asked Apr 8, 2019 at 12:03. These properties can be set together using the setFrameStyle() function and read with frameStyle(). Internally, pyqtgraph uses the same system but also allows many shorthand methods of specifying the same style options. setColor(widget. The default style is sgi, where, for some reason, the text color doesn't change. lightGreen) self. The current text color for a tab can be found with the tabTextColor() function. Jun 10, 2020 · I have a QTableView with three columns The second column is about numbers, there are only three types: 1, -1 and 0. row(), 3), Qt. I would like to display it to the user within a form. You're already getting the QTextCursor. item(1,0). Using a transparent PNG and simply draw on top of a filled pixmap would also do. item( Dec 16, 2017 · PYQT Set different background color for every tab in QTabWidget. A qss file is quite similar to a CSS file, but you need to specify the Widget component and optionally the name of the object: QLabel { background-color: red; } QLabel#title { font-size: 20px; } The first style defines a background-color for all QLabel Jul 24, 2018 · I am new in pyqt4 and I can't figure out how to do this. horizontalHeaderItem(0). QtCore im Jan 7, 2011 · I have a QColor that I get from a QColorDialog. rd ve fu jv uh mu uk ep mm nd